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It's been a painfully slow start to the ski season in the Western U.S. Some places have 

 prompting resorts to open late. Those that cranked out fake snow had trouble attracting avid skiers who prefer the real stuff. And all this means an economic hit.

 finds that a low-snow year can cost the U.S. winter sports industry up to $1 billion. Protect Our Winters, a climate advocacy nonprofit, says as the climate warms, winter activities like skiing, snowboarding and snowmobiling could end up contributing less to the overall economy.

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"When somebody goes and skies, they don't just spend money on that lift ticket," says Rebecca Hill, a Colorado-based natural resources economist who contributed to the report. "They also spend money at restaurants in the area. They buy gas in the area. So it's those other support industries that are also going to be harmed."

Low and variable snowfall is expected to become more commonplace as the climate warms. Across the West this year, 

 have seen slow starts to their seasons amid the warmer temperatures and minimal snowfall. Last month Vail Resorts, which operates 11 destination ski resorts across North America, reported a 

Protect Our Winters also finds that less outdoor activity during low-snow years can mean up to 17,400 fewer U.S. jobs compared to an average season.

Ski resorts do have snowmaking to fall back on. But places without that technology, like Diamond Lake Resort in Oregon, have 

 to cope with a slow start to the season.

Rebecca Hill, the Colorado economist, says the new findings, and headlines from ski resorts this year, should prompt resorts to think about how they can adapt to survive.

"What can we do now?" she says. "What needs to happen now to change this trajectory that we're on?"

Figuring that out is Auden Schendler's job. He's vice president of sustainability at Aspen Ski Resorts and a Protect Our Winters board member. In the short term, Schendler says ski businesses are investing in better snowmaking tools. In the summertime, they're investing in mountain biking trails and other activities that can generate income.

"Snow is currency," he says. The concern is that this year demonstrates that snowmaking is ultimately "a stop gap, it's an insurance policy. But it doesn't replace the natural product."

To prepare for a warming climate, South Lake Tahoe's Heavenly Resort announced this week it's 

 that are obstacles in low snowpack years.

But ultimately, "you're not going to adapt to the kind of warming that we're headed towards," Schendler says. "We need to stop it."

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As the climate warms, a new report finds that low-snow years like this one can cost the U.S. winter sports industry up to $1 billion. That can bring economic pain well beyond ski resorts.

New report finds climate change could take a $1 billion bite from winter sports

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