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A special celestial event is on the calendar for this Sunday night and experts are already raving:


"A full 62 luxurious minutes of totality," says 

.
"The Only Total Lunar Eclipse of 2019," promises 

.
"This full moon will appear to be one of the largest of 2019," reports 

North and South America will get the best view of the super "blood moon," as it's known, but Europeans and Africans will also be able to watch (weather permitting). So, let's break down the hype, starting with the eclipse.

Unlike a solar eclipse, when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, a total lunar eclipse occurs when Earth aligns to block the sun's light from the moon. That can only happen when the moon is on the opposite side of Earth from the sun. About once a month, a full moon is visible when it nears that far point and shines brightly as Earth covers up most of the sun. But approximately once a year, as the moon travels along its tilted axis, it ends up directly behind Earth and is thrust into near darkness.

The moon will stay bathed in our colorful shadow for more than an hour before orbiting back out into the sunlight.

, Earth casts a red shadow because of how our atmosphere scatters light. During our days, sunlight coming in from up high is scattered. Short blue lightwaves are bounced around, leaving us with blue skies. But when the sun comes in at an angle — at sunset, sunrise or from the perspective of the moon on the other side of Earth — the sun's reddish light becomes dominant. That light can also change based on dust, pollutants or other particles in Earth's atmosphere.

So what about the "super" part of Sunday's show in the sky? The moon's orbit around Earth is not perfectly round, so as it circles Earth it is sometimes closer and sometimes farther away, by a distance of about 26,000 miles. That means that when the moon is at its closest point to Earth — known as the perigee — it can appear up to 

 than it does at the farthest point in its orbit. Sunday's eclipse will almost coincide with that perigee, meaning that the moon won't just be redder than usual, it will also look a tiny bit wider.
If you're a visual learner, NASA has you 

: 
It won't take any special equipment to see the total eclipse — no telescopes or dark 

 required. The main impediment to experiencing the relatively rare phenomenon? Weather. 
Midwesterners and Southerners should get a good look at the big, red moon. But 

cloud-cover forecasts show that the Northeast and much of the West might have their views obscured. 
If you can't catch the eclipse through your window, you can always watch it 

 Or you can just wait for the Instagram posts.
As NPR's Rebecca Hersher 

, the moon will get its shadowy revenge in a few years: "There will be solar eclipses visible from parts of the contiguous U.S. on Oct. 14, 2023, and April 8, 2024. The one in 2024 will be a total solar eclipse visible from Texas to Maine."  Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.



A previous version of this story referred to Earth's orbit of the moon. In fact, the moon orbits Earth.

Arts and Culture

Science

Ian Stewart

Author

Not only will the moon be particularly close to Earth, but it will also be bathed in a reddish light just before midnight Eastern time.

Heads-up for Sunday, a super 'blood moon' is on the way

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