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Protesters gathered in the Iowa Capitol rotunda as the Legislature began a special session Tuesday focused exclusively on abortion restrictions, where Republican lawmakers will work to push through a new ban on abortion after roughly six weeks of pregnancy.

The day will be a marathon of committee hearings and floor debates in both chambers, with votes likely to extend late into the night. Demonstrators for and against the bill are expected to rally at the capitol building throughout the day.

The current draft, like the 2018 law, would prohibit abortion once cardiac activity can be detected, which is usually around six weeks of pregnancy and before many women know they are pregnant.

Chants from abortion advocates echoed through the rotunda and could be heard in a public hearing room as a limited number of supporters and opponents of the law alternated at a microphone to convey their viewpoints to state representatives.

“Just because a person has the ability to become pregnant does not mean they should be forced to become a mother,” said Hilary McAdoo, a fertility nurse. She said her two daughters were her motivation for voicing her opposition Tuesday.

“The people before me want to govern women’s bodies without understanding how they work,” McAdoo said, calling the six-week cutoff “impossible and irresponsible.”

Speaking to state senators, Jeff Pitts of the Iowa Faith and Freedom Coalition urged lawmakers to pass the law.

“Unborn babies are alive and human and every innocent human life matters,” he said. “Abortion, every single one, intentionally extinguishes human life.”

Republican Gov. Kim Reynolds ordered the rare session after the state Supreme Court declined to reinstate a law she signed in 2018 that is practically identical to the one being proposed Tuesday. Abortion is currently legal in Iowa up to 20 weeks of pregnancy.

“Iowans know we will defend life and have grown our majority,” Speaker of the Iowa House Pat Grassley said in a July 7 statement.

After the House gaveled into session, House Minority Leader Jennifer Konfrst objected to the urgency that Republican lawmakers have introduced.

“If there is an issue that is important enough to bring us all back in July, it is not our job to help you get it to the governor faster,” she said. “It is our job to truly debate this bill, and we will not have ample opportunity to do that when we're rushing this through.”

There are limited circumstances under the measure that would allow for abortion after that point in a pregnancy — such as rape, if reported to law enforcement or a health provider within 45 days; incest, if reported within 145 days; if the fetus has a fetal abnormality “incompatible with life;” and if the pregnancy is endangering the life of the pregnant woman.

A district court found the 2018 law unconstitutional in 2019 based on rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court and Iowa’s Supreme Court that had affirmed a woman's fundamental constitutional right to abortion.

After both bodies overturned those rulings last year, Reynolds sought to reinstate the 2018 law, but the state’s high court deadlocked last month without ruling on the merits of an abortion ban, leaving the law permanently blocked.

And so Reynolds called lawmakers back to Des Moines.

“Health care is a human right. All people should be able to make decisions about their own bodies,” said demonstrator Tim Rutledge, of Des Moines, alongside his 8-year-old son. “The fact that our governor and elected officials cannot — or do not — recognize this is unconscionable.”

He said he showed up Tuesday to urge lawmakers to protect the civil rights of future generations and brought his son to show him democracy is participatory.

The draft of the measure released Friday indicates that Republican lawmakers want it to take immediate effect with the governor's signature.

Maggie DeWitte, the executive director of Pulse Life Advocates, an organization that opposes abortion, said the bill has been “a long time coming.”

“It is beyond time to once and for all have this heartbeat law passed for the second time, signed into law for the second time, but now able to be enforced,” she said.

Laws such as Iowa’s ban abortion when a “fetal heartbeat” can be detected, a concept that does not easily translate to medical science. That’s because at the point where advanced technology can detect that first visual flutter, the embryo isn’t yet a fetus, and it doesn’t have a heart.

Planned Parenthood North Central States is prepared to quickly challenge the law if passed, and will meanwhile refer patients out of state if they’re scheduled for abortions in the next few weeks, and will continue to provide care to patients who present before cardiac activity is detected.

“We will keep seeing those patients and fight our way back to the Iowa Supreme Court when this law goes into effect,” said Chief Medical Officer Sarah Traxler.

Most Republican-led states have drastically limited abortion access in the year since the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade and handed authority on abortion law to the states. More than a dozen states have bans with limited exceptions and one state, Georgia, bans abortion after cardiac activity is detected. Several other states have similar restrictions that are on hold pending court rulings.

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Republican lawmakers intend to pass a new ban on abortion after roughly six weeks of pregnancy. The process is expected to extend late into the night.

An aerial view of people gathering in a rotunda

Iowa Legislature considers 6-week abortion ban during a special session

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