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The South Pars natural gas field, which came 

, is part of the world's largest such field — and an energy lifeline for Iran.

 in other Middle East countries in response, sending new shockwaves across the region and beyond.

 to the global economy by choking off most exports of crude oil and liquefied natural gas through the Strait of Hormuz. Iran has also attacked ships and key export facilities in its Persian Gulf neighbors, putting more upward pressure on energy prices, even though its Gulf neighbors — Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates — are not taking part in the U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran.

Hours after Wednesday's attack, U.S. President Donald Trump said that Israel would not attack South Pars again, but warned on social media that if Iran continued striking Qatar’s energy infrastructure, the United States would retaliate and “massively blow up the entirety” of the field.

In the case of South Pars, the target is not Iran’s exports but its biggest source of domestic energy in a country that sometimes struggles to produce enough electricity.

The gas field under the Persian Gulf — the world’s largest — is shared by Iran and Qatar. It's called South Pars on the Iranian side and the North Field on the Qatari side.

Here are key things to know about the South Pars field:

Iran uses a lot of natural gas, and 80 percent comes from South Pars

Iran relies heavily on gas to produce electricity and heat homes. It is the fourth-largest consumer of natural gas in the world, behind the U.S., China and Russia, according to the Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University, even though its economy is much smaller.

In contrast to other Middle East countries, it uses gas for heating due to its cold climate and much of that use is subsidized, which discourages efficient use. South Pars is the main source.

Oil and gas prices have risen on news of the attack

Although South Pars mainly supplies Iran's domestic needs, global oil prices rose and gas prices in Europe soared on the news of the attack — mainly over fears of Iranian retaliation on Gulf energy infrastructure. The attack was “a serious escalation” due to the threat of Iranian retaliation, said Andres Cala, geopolitical analyst at energy intelligence firm Montel News.

Iran has struggled with rickety energy infrastructure and shortages

Iran has suffered power shortages because of interruptions to gas supplies, even though on paper it has huge energy reserves. In July, public buildings had to shut down when a heat wave strained the power grid.

Qatar and Iran both tap the world’s largest gas field

Yet the two countries have made starkly different uses of the same underground reserves.

Qatar, which has a much smaller population, has invested billions in developing the field as a source of liquefied natural gas, which before the war it exported from its Ras Laffan facility. There, gas is chilled to a liquid and loaded on tankers that head for customers in Asia, who turn it back into gas form. It’s a lucrative business and has made Qatar the supplier of about a fifth of the world’s LNG.

 March 2 after an Iranian attack and then was hit again on Thursday. The extent of the damage was unclear but the shutdown and attack were raising prices for natural gas in Asia and Europe.

Thursday's strikes were part of “a dangerous escalation” of the conflict and “a grim warning” for the LNG market, said data and analytics firm Energy Intelligence.

Iran is another story. Sanctions and lack of investment mean that Iran feeds its gas into its own pipeline system and uses it domestically for cooking, heating homes, generating electricity, and as a raw material for industry. Iran exports relatively little, about 9 billion cubic meters, compared to Qatar’s more than 120 billion cubic meters. Iran’s export customers are Turkey and Armenia, both of which could access alternative supplies.

Iran tried to develop LNG for export, but was blocked by sanctions

Iran once planned three LNG export projects on its Persian Gulf coastline, one with Total Energies and another with Shell. But sanctions over its nuclear program have blocked the projects by barring the import of the needed technology and investment. A third site at Asulayeh — near the site of the attacks — is reportedly near completion after starting construction almost 20 years ago.

Hegseth says all 11 of Iran’s submarines are ‘gone’

Saying that Iran’s “surface fleet is no longer a factor,” Hegseth also said that “their submarines — they once had 11 — are gone.”

The crafts Hegseth referenced are “midget” submarines designed to work in shallow waters in the Persian Gulf and its narrow mouth, the Strait of Hormuz.

The small vessels are designed to evade sonar as they lay mines and fire torpedoes.

Hegseth opens Pentagon briefing with remarks about dignified transfer

U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth says he told families of service members killed in the Iran war that U.S. forces “will finish this.”

Hegseth said they told him “through tears, through hugs, through strength and through unbreakable resolve” that they wanted the U.S. military to “finish this. Honor their sacrifice. Do not waver. Do not stop until the job is done.”

“My response, along with that of the president, was simple: Of course we will finish this. We will honor their sacrifice,” Hegseth said. “Their sacrifice only steels our commitment.”

Pregnant woman among 4 killed in Iranian missile attack on the West Bank

The Palestinian Health Ministry said earlier that three women were killed and three others, including a child, were wounded in the overnight attack. It says a fourth person, a 32-year-old pregnant woman, has died.

The fatalities were the first in the occupied West Bank during the Iran war.

Russia’s nuclear chief says “no one will escape radiation” if Iran’s nuclear reactor is hit

The head of Russia’s state nuclear corporation Rosatom on Thursday urged the U.S. and Israel to make sure they don’t hit Iran’s Russia-built nuclear power plant.

Alexei Likhachev warned that “not a single party to the conflict will escape the impact of radiation if there is a serious accident.” He had previously reported that a strike on Tuesday hit the territory of the plant near the building of metrology service close to the operating nuclear reactor, causing no injuries or damage.

Likhachev said that Rosatom had evacuated some of its personnel in Bushehr and is planning to pull out most of 480 people left there, leaving just a few dozen to operate the plant.

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Iran hit a Saudi refinery on the Red Sea and set Qatari liquefied natural gas facilities and two Kuwaiti oil refineries ablaze, sending international oil and gas prices soaring Thursday. 

Pete Hegseth holds Pentagon briefing as war with Iran intensifies

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