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Native American tribes that tried to block 

 during a months-long standoff with authorities in North Dakota more than a year ago are carrying on their fight in federal court, in what they contend is a symbol of their ongoing struggle for tribal sovereignty.


"People think Standing Rock has come and gone," said Danielle Ta'Sheena Finn, a spokeswoman for the Standing Rock Sioux, referring to the sight of the protests. "But we will continue this fight until we are heard and the world knows what happened to us."


The pipeline, owned by Energy Transfer Partners LP (ETP), has been operational since June 2017, after President Donald Trump granted its permit over the objections of tribes and environmentalists fearful that it would pollute a waterway sacred to the Standing Rock and Cheyenne River Sioux.

Standing Rock a year after pipeline protests

desire to increase domestic energy production

, distressed Native people in the United States and Canada who were concerned that it discounted indigenous rights.


The Standing Rock and Cheyenne Sioux sued the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers soon after Trump ordered it to approve the pipeline, arguing that the tribes had not been properly consulted.


The Army Corps of Engineers is involved with U.S. military construction projects around the world and also advises civil engineering activities, such as dredging America's waterways and cleaning up hazardous or toxic sites.


U.S. District Judge James Boasberg in Washington, D.C., is weighing whether the Corps adequately considered effects on the tribes before approving the pipeline. He is expected to rule by Aug. 10.


The Army Corps did not respond to a request for comment, but it has previously said that it worked diligently to meet obligations to tribes.


The tribes have expressed hope that Boasberg will suspend operations on the pipeline. They have said that they are prepared to appeal if he does not.

Dakota Access pipeline developer submits spill response plan


ETP declined to comment, but it has repeatedly said the pipeline would be safely operated.

The 1,172-mile pipeline was built to move crude oil from North Dakota's Bakken shale fields to a refining and transport hub in Patoka, Illinois.


"We know we are going to fight this to the very end," said Standing Rock's Finn.


Opposition to the pipeline played a central role in last spring's gathering of tribes at Fort Laramie, Wyoming, to mark the 150th anniversary of a peace treaty between the Sioux Nation and the United States.


Under the treaty, the federal government recognized the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory as part of the Great Sioux Reservation and hostilities ended between the Sioux and white settlers.


The Sioux contend the pipeline was built on land they never agreed to give up.


In 1868, their land included most of South Dakota and parts of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota. It has shrunken to several smaller reservations in the region.


The April meeting in Laramie was the first time since the Standing Rock protests of 2016 and 2017 that all seven bands of the Great Sioux Nation were together. Many veterans of the Standing Rock protests were there.


Members of the tribes rode hundreds of miles on horseback to get to Laramie, passing through tiny communities like Green Grass, South Dakota, the spiritual center of the Lakota People on the Cheyenne River Sioux reservation.


Tribal leaders expressed disappointment that no senior members of the Trump administration were at Fort Laramie to commemorate the milestone for Indian country.


Harold Frazier, chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux, said the convocation was a reminder for Native Americans that the federal government had fallen short of its agreements under the Laramie Treaty including by approving the Dakota Access pipeline.


"They (the United States government) ought to be ashamed of themselves," Frazier said. "They have a moral obligation to uphold the honor of the Great Sioux Nation."


Ivan Lookinghorse, a medicine man from the Cheyenne River Reservation and an organizer of the ride to Laramie, said the tribes intended to use the momentum from that gathering to stay unified as they gear up to fight other projects that they maintain threaten their wellbeing.


"We are going to keep it going, keep organizing meetings and find a way to be able to take care of the health and welfare of our people, and preserve land and water," he said.

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U.S. District Judge James Boasberg in Washington, D.C., is weighing whether the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers adequately considered effects on the tribes before approving the Dakota Access pipeline. He is expected to rule by Aug. 10.

Pipeline protester defies law enforcement officers.

Out of spotlight, tribes keep fighting Dakota pipeline

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