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A federal appeals court ruled Tuesday that the Justice Department must give House lawmakers secret grand jury materials from special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation.

The 2-1 decision from a three-judge panel on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit upholds a district court ruling from last year, and gives House Democrats a victory in their ongoing legal battles with the Trump administration.

The ruling, which can be appealed, comes two weeks after a different three-judge panel on the same court dealt a significant blow to House Democrats' efforts to pry information out of the administration.

In that previous case, the court ruled that the House did not have standing to sue to enforce a subpoena for former White House counsel Don McGahn's testimony.

The battle over the Mueller grand jury materials dates back to July, when the House Judiciary Committee filed an application to force the Justice Department to turn them over to the committee. 

Grand jury materials are typically kept secret, although there are certain exceptions under which a court can authorize their disclosure. One of those exceptions is a "judicial proceeding" in which someone seeking their release has shown a "particularized need."

In her written opinion Tuesday, federal Judge Judith Rogers said the committee was indeed engaged in a legal proceeding and that the committee also has demonstrated a "particularized need" for the materials.

"The committee has repeatedly stated that if the grand jury materials reveal new evidence of impeachable offenses, the committee may recommend new articles of impeachment," she wrote.

The Judiciary Committee drafted the articles under which Trump was impeached, and later acquitted, in connection with the Ukraine affair. Rogers' ruling alluded to the prospect of an impeachment connected directly with Mueller's Russia investigation.

In addition, Rogers said the district court controls access to grand jury records — not the executive branch or the Justice Department. In other words, the material in question isn't the government's to control or conceal.

"The department has objected to disclosure of the redacted grand jury materials, but the department has no interest in objecting to the release of these materials outside of the general purposes and policies of grand jury secrecy, which as discussed, do not outweigh the committee's compelling need for disclosure," she wrote. 

"Even if the department had not objected to disclosure, the district court would still need to authorize disclosure." 

That would be up to the judge who presided over the grand jury that worked with Mueller, 

Judge Neomi Rao, the third judge on the panel that ruled on Tuesday, filed a dissent. 

NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg contributed to this report.

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Judges ordered that Democratic members of Congress may see evidence the Justice Department wanted to keep sealed. The government is expected to appeal. 

Federal court sides with House in fight over Mueller grand jury materials

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