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Almost 40 years have passed since the last 

 NASA astronauts blasted off into space on a brand new spaceship. 

Now, as NASA looks forward to Wednesday's planned 

 of the SpaceX Crew Dragon with a pair of astronauts on board, some in the spaceflight community have a little bit of déjà vu.

 on April 12, 1981. Crowds gathered in Florida to watch this strange new spacecraft. It looked more like an airplane than the familiar bell-shaped capsules of the Apollo moon missions.

 wife woke him up for the shuttle launch and he watched it on television in his bedroom, where he'd been trying to get a little sleep after working a prelaunch shift at Houston's Mission Control. He'd just come to NASA a few years before, and he says that a lot about that time was not so different from now.

"The substantially similar thing is that we've been waiting too long without being able to send Americans into orbit from America," says Hale, who went on to be a flight director for dozens of shuttle missions and head of the shuttle program. 

 of an Apollo spacecraft and the first space shuttle launch, almost six years went by. "I remember a lot of talk about, 'Well, we should never be in the position as a nation again of not being able to send astronauts into space for this long,'" says Hale. 

This time around, though, NASA has been waiting even longer — almost 9 years.

 its space shuttles in 2011 and, since then, it has been paying for seats on the Russian 

 spacecraft to get its astronauts to the International Space Station. That means American astronauts have been launching from Kazakhstan.

Meanwhile, the space agency has been partnering with companies like SpaceX and Boeing, to help them build their own space vehicles. The 

 was that NASA would focus on more ambitious missions like a return to the lunar surface, while letting space companies basically operate a taxi service to nearby station.  

 of them — the SpaceX Crew Dragon — is finally ready to blast off with people on board. And some in the space industry think that this historic launch marks the start of a revolution for space travel. 

That's because folks outside of NASA will be able to fly on these space taxis, too, if they can afford the fare, opening up space as a more accessible travel destination. Already, there's talk of 

 riding a SpaceX capsule to the station to shoot an action movie. 

Here again, history is repeating itself. Hale says, the re-usable space shuttle was supposed to transform space travel in a similar way. 

"We were going to take Walter Cronkite, my goodness, we were going to have journalists in space, we were going to take entertainers," he recalls. "We were going to take John Denver into space."

 disaster, and the deaths of all on board, including teacher Christa McAuliffe. The shuttle was more dangerous and more expensive than originally planned, and it flew far less often than NASA had hoped. The agency had to shelve its vision of bringing up lots of ordinary people.

"Let's hope that this new generation of spacecraft really work out to be safe enough where we really can do that," says Hale. 

The safety of SpaceX's capsule and rocket is better understood than the shuttle was at its start. SpaceX had a successful flight 

 to the station and back with no people on board—except after it had docked to the station, when astronauts on board the outpost 

 out the safety system for astronauts by deliberately destroying one of its rockets and checking to ensure that the capsule escaped without harm.

Nothing like that was true for the space shuttle. NASA had never launched anything like it before sending it up with two astronauts: veteran 

On Wednesday afternoon at 4:33 p.m. EDT, from the very same launch pad, the Space X vehicle is scheduled to carry up another pair of astronauts: 

"It's probably a dream of every test pilot school student to have the opportunity to fly on a brand-new spaceship and I'm lucky enough to get that opportunity," says Behnken.

Hurley says that during their time in the astronaut corps, they both had an opportunity to interact with the first space shuttle flyers. He recently saw Crippen at an event in Texas a few years ago, and they talked about that first shuttle launch.

"I think one thing that really registered with me with what Bob Crippen said was, you know, 'We were so focused on flying the mission, flying the vehicle, and executing and not making a mistake,'" says Hurley.

That's the kind of intense focus Hurley has to have, even in the midst of a pandemic that has NASA 

 people not to gather in crowds to watch, like they've done in the past for the shuttle. 

Both Behnken and Hurley have flown on the space shuttle--in fact, Hurley was on its last mission. The shuttle had a cockpit crammed full of switches and dials, but the more modern SpaceX capsule is controlled with a sleek touchscreen.

"Growing up as a pilot, my whole career, having a certain way to control a vehicle," says Hurley. "This is certainly different."

And when the duo returns to Earth, they'll splash down in the ocean rather than coasting to a stop on a landing strip. 

They will, however, be carrying some familiar cargo: an American 

. It few on the first shuttle mission, and the last. It's been hung up on the space station for years, just waiting for a crew to launch from the U. S. and bring it back home.  

Science

Nell Greenfieldboyce

Author

NASA and SpaceX plan to launch astronauts to the International Space Station on Wednesday.  This is the first time a new kind of spacecraft has launched astronauts into orbit since the space shuttle.

New spaceship prepares to blast off and make history

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