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A monumental set of decisions is expected Thursday from the Food and Drug Administration that could reshape the tobacco industry for years to come by limiting, or altogether blocking, the sale of millions of e-cigarette products.

Though the FDA has long regulated the marketing and sale of traditional tobacco products like cigarettes, the agency had long not required the same scrutiny of vapes, allowing a market to flourish.

 — say they vape. The industry has ballooned to more than $6 billion in size, led by the industry giant Juul, which controls about 40 percent of the market.

The imminent decisions by the FDA could impact almost all of that. About 6.5 million products made by more than 500 companies are under evaluation about whether they are "appropriate for the protection of public health."

If the agency finds that they are not, companies could be required to pull their products — including rechargeable vape pens, disposable e-cigarettes and the liquids that fill them — from the market.

"I'm guessing that the decisions over the next couple of days will result in a fundamental change in the e-cigarette market," said Matthew L. Myers, president of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.

The FDA is looking closely at the health effects of e-cigarettes

E-cigarette companies, including Juul, argue that their products are safer than traditional tobacco products like cigarettes.

Though vaping allows users to avoid some of the harmful carcinogens caused by smoking traditional cigarettes, studies have found that e-cigarettes are still harmful.

Inhaling the vaporized oil introduces harmful chemicals into the lungs, including vitamin E acetate. 

Dozens of people have died in recent years from vaping complications in the U.S.

, and thousands more have been hospitalized.

Additionally, virtually all e-cigarette products contain nicotine, some in very high levels — including Juul's 5% pods, 

 as much nicotine as an entire pack of cigarettes. Nicotine affects prenatal and adolescent brain development, 

"If any e-cigarette could actually help a smoker quit, they would apply to be a drug through other pathways that the FDA [has], and they would demonstrate that they are safe and effective in helping smokers quit," said Erika Sward of the American Lung Association, which has advocated for the denial of all applications to the FDA for any flavored tobacco product.

"Instead, what we've seen is another generation of kids addicted and a whole situation where we have millions of smokers — who might otherwise try to end their addiction — try to use this product," she said.

The FDA's decisions are due Thursday, but it's not clear yet what they'll decide

In 2019, a federal judge ordered e-cigarette manufacturers to submit applications to the FDA by 2020.

 Their products would be allowed to remain on the market for one year while the agency reviewed them. That year-long deadline is up Thursday.

The agency may not respond to every application by Thursday’s deadline. It 

 it will prioritize based on market share, meaning companies like like Juul, along with British American Tobacco and Imperial Brands, which respectively own the brands Vype and blu, may face decisions as soon as Thursday.

Possibilities range from a major crackdown on virtually all vape products to a more targeted approach, perhaps blocking the sale of flavored products or disposable e-cigarettes, or creating marketing rules similar to those that govern traditional cigarettes.

"If they approve any of these, they definitely will have restrictions on both marketing and some of the product design that will be [intended] to reduce youth initiation and use," said Kathleen Hoke, a professor of public health law at the University of Maryland.

the agency made its first set of marketing denials

 for some 55,000 flavored vape products from three companies, ordering them to pull their products from the market. It has also denied applications for companies marketing flavors designed to appeal to kids such as Apple Crumble and Cinnamon Toast Cereal.

Regulators said the applications from its first set of denials "lacked sufficient evidence" that any benefit to adult smokers outweighed "the public health threat posed by the well-documented, alarming levels of youth use of such products."

Some researchers worry that a major crackdown on Juul and other manufacturers will simply send teenagers reaching for traditional cigarettes instead.

"I think it would be a public health disaster," said Dr. Michael Siegel, a researcher at Tufts University who studies youth tobacco and alcohol use. "Vaping is not causing a culture of smoking. It's actually replacing that culture."

Youth smoking rates have fallen dramatically in recent years as vaping has exploded in popularity. But other researchers are skeptical the trend would reverse.

"Whether those people chose to choose to go back to a cigarette that tastes like a cigarette or a vape product that tastes like a cigarette, I think is anyone's guess," said Hoke. 

Health

Politics and Government News

Becky Sullivan

Author

More than 500 companies submitted applications for 6.5 million vaping products to the FDA. If the agency rules against them, companies could be required to pull their products from the market.

A major decision from the FDA Thursday could dramatically reshape the vaping industry

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