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Federal agencies have begun to announce plans to implement President Trump's 

 for large-scale job cuts and the elimination of government functions.

Already, the Department of Education is moving forward with a proposal to 

, the Department of Veterans Affairs is targeting a 

 and the Social Security Administration has 

The outlined changes are in service of Trump's vision of drastically reducing the size and scope of the federal government — an effort that has been led so far by Elon Musk and his Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).

 — typically those new to government or who have recently started in a new role — have been fired, though these terminations have been challenged in court and the administration has been 

But the firings of probationary workers, DOGE's cuts and a 

 are just initial elements of an effort to stop spending on people and programs that the president does not want to be part of the future of the federal government.

In the coming months, agencies are directed to continue restructuring their programs and personnel, 

 — while also increasing productivity and delivering "better service for the American people."

Here's what to know about the restructuring plans:

 from the leaders of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) spelled out how to meet Trump's demand for a "workforce optimization initiative."

Federal agency plans, according to the memo, should focus on identifying "statutorily mandated" functions and seek to achieve five things:

Agencies were also encouraged to cut back on layers of management and the use of consultants and contractors, and to consider consolidating field offices.

, the General Services Administration and DOGE made plans to shed up to 25 percent of the government's 360 million square feet of real estate, including closing Social Security buildings, IRS taxpayer assistance centers and Bureau of Indian Affairs offices across the United States.

Agencies were supposed to submit initial reorganization proposals by Thursday, as well as timelines for implementing each part of their plans to eliminate positions and functions.

What does implementing Trump's plan look like?

Federal agencies have some leeway in how many employees they let go and when they do, but federal law is specific about the process that must be followed. OPM has a 

 that details how a reduction in force (RIF) and other workforce restructuring must be done.

On Thursday, both federal judges who reinstated fired workers emphasized that the government has the right to reduce its workforce, but it has to follow the law in doing so.

The first step in a RIF is identifying positions and areas that may be affected, which OPM in this case says should have been done by Thursday.

From there, agencies are supposed to consider other strategies, like voluntary early retirement authority (VERA) and voluntary separation incentive payment (VSIP), to find employees who choose to leave, before a RIF takes place. 

 allows agencies to temporarily lower age or years-of-service thresholds to qualify for retirement, while 

 is a buyout of up to $25,000 for employees who choose to leave.

For agencies that move forward with a RIF, they may need to notify unions or Congress, and then they must draft official notices to send to affected employees. These notices 

 like the reasons for the RIF and the effective date. 

Employees must be given 60 days' notice of their end date, unless OPM grants a waiver to shorten that period to 30 days. 

Certain agencies have been targeted early by the Trump administration for dismantling. Some have been revealing details about their reorganization plans in broad public pronouncements; others have been obtained by NPR. Some plans will affect tens of thousands of employees; others are smaller, so far.

Here's some of what's known, as of Friday afternoon:

U.S. Agency for International Development

 by the DOGE initiative, and Trump officials said 

. More than 1,300 positions will be eliminated through the RIF — plus about 600 people took the 

 or the department's VSIP offer. Affected employees will be placed on administrative leave starting March 21 and will receive full pay and benefits until June 9, 90 days after the department announced its RIF plans.

 aims to "return to our 2019 end-strength numbers of 399,957 employees," according to an internal memo obtained by NPR, which would be a reduction of roughly 80,000 employees. A specific RIF plan will be developed soon, the memo says.

 memo, obtained by NPR this week, calls for the elimination of probationary positions that are "non-mission critical" in an effort to reduce the civilian workforce by 5 percent to 8 percent, targeting at least 55,000 jobs. The Pentagon has some 780,000 civilian employees.

The memo says it will start by seeking job cuts through early retirement and voluntary separations, "which must be fully realized by June." Managers are expected to provide their plans no later than March 20.

 more than 1,000 permanent and probationary employees and has sent RIF notices to eliminate nearly the entire staff in three of 11 regions across the country.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

 is planning to cut more than a thousand employees, according to information shared with NPR by a NOAA employee who was not authorized to speak publicly.

As agencies move forward with eliminating positions, they must submit another set of plans by April 14 outlining a "positive vision for more productive, efficient agency operations," according to the OPM/OMB memo.

This includes proposed relocations of people and offices outside the Washington, D.C., area, changes to regulations or agency policies to help facilitate downsizing and more details about the implementation of RIFs.

For agencies that provide direct services to citizens, they must also include explanations of why the reduction in staff and resources will "have a positive effect on the delivery of such services."

Agencies will deliver monthly progress reports and are expected to wrap up the process by the end of the fiscal year, Sept. 30.

Have information you want to share about agency reduction-in-force plans and other changes to the federal government? Reach out to this author through encrypted communications on Signal: 

With reporting by NPR's Tom Bowman, Quil Lawrence, Shannon Bond, Jenna McLaughlin and Alejandra Borunda.

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Thursday's deadline for federal agencies to submit plans for large-scale layoffs kicks off a new phase in the dramatic restructuring of how the government operates. Here's what that looks like.

Federal agencies plan for mass layoffs as Trump's workforce cuts continue

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