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Olivia de Havilland, who starred in dozens of movies through the 1930s and '40s, has died at age 104. She died at her home in Paris of natural causes, her publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed. 

De Havilland was known for playing the good girl — pure-hearted, pensive, deeply emotive — during Hollywood's golden era. But of all her good girl roles, she's best remembered for Melanie, Scarlett O'Hara's sweet foil in “Gone with the Wind.” 

Patricia White, a professor of film studies at Swarthmore College, said de Havilland's Melanie was like a heroine from an 18th-century British novel: full of composure, with an un-flashy beauty.

"Olivia really was perfect for Melanie," White says. "She brings that sort of plain look to all of her viewers, allowing them to sort of see a non-glamorous person, like perhaps themselves, as the heroine in their own stories."

De Havilland got to that iconic role thanks to a lucky break when she was only 17. She was in a local production of “A Midsummer Night's Dream” in northern California, where she grew up, and that little part earned her an understudy spot in legendary director Max Reinhardt's production of the play. 

Gloria Stuart was cast as Hermia, but five days before opening night at the Hollywood Bowl, Stuart's agent came to rehearsal. In 2006 interview for the Academy of Achievement, de Havilland recalled what happened next: "[He] said to Reinhardt, 'We're very sorry but Ms. Stuart will not be able to go on opening night.' Reinhardt turned to me and he said, 'You will play the part.' "

When Warner Bros. made the production into a movie, de Havilland went with it, and so began her film career — right out of high school. 

Actress Olivia De Havilland

She became a contract player for Warner Bros.' studio, working 12-hour days, film after film, having to take whatever typecast roles she was given. She was Errol Flynn's love interest in eight films, including “The Adventures of Robin Hood” and “Captain Blood.”

"The life of the love interest is really pretty boring," de Havilland said. "I longed to play a character who initiated things, who experienced 

But Warner Bros. wouldn't give her those roles and they had her under an ironclad seven-year contract. The decades-old studio system had been challenged in court before, but none of those efforts succeeded until de Havilland sued in 1943 — and won.

"She got a landmark court decision that released her from her obligations to Warner Bros.," Patricia White said. What's known as "De Havilland's Law" was the decision that finally ended Hollywood's studio system and gave writers and actors creative independence.

"So she was the hero of her own career at that moment," White says, "and she went on to get roles that 

De Havilland won her first Academy Award for her part in “To Each His Own,” and her second for her role in “The Heiress.” In that film, her character goes from a fumbling, innocent girl who falls right into the arms of the first suitor who comes by, to a cold, disillusioned spinster who's bitter towards her father for keeping her from the gold digger she loved.

"You hear in her kind of clipped voice; you hear that she's roiling with emotion underneath that passive demeanor," White says. "This is the kind of moment that the women's pictures of the '40s just lived for; when that mousy heroine would stand up and speak her mind and say what she'd been observing. And she does it beautifully."

But de Havilland lost several other key Oscars in her career: She didn't win one for Melanie in “Gone with the Wind” and, in 1941, she lost best actress to her sister, 

. Legend has it, de Havilland never congratulated her sister for her win and they barely spoke again. Fontaine wrote a tell-all memoir portraying de Havilland as a cruel older sister and de Havilland always told interviewers that topic was absolutely off limits.

"The biographers have a field day with the rivalry," White says. "I think a lot of Hollywood women stars are pitted against each other, but they were estranged their whole adult lives."

This is despite the fact that most of de Havilland's adult life was spent far from Hollywood. By the '50s, she appeared in films less and less. She married, had a son, divorced; and when she was 37, in 1953, she left Hollywood for Paris where she lived the rest of her life.

But back when she was 18, at the screen test with Errol Flynn that would launch her career as a love interest and beyond, de Havilland remembered Flynn turning to her: "He said to me, 'What do you want out of life?' And I said, 'I would like respect for difficult work well done.'"

Respect, from those who remember her work, she certainly earned. 

Arts and Culture

Selena Simmons-Duffin

Author

The actress is best remembered for her role in “Gone with the Wind,” but the two-time Oscar winner also won a landmark decision that gave artists creative independence from studios. 

Olivia de Havilland, one of Hollywood's longest-lived legends, dies at 104

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