Cooler but still well above normal this week

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As the weather cools down, health officials are gearing up for a new season of sickness. It's the time for gathering indoors and spreading respiratory viruses. 

There's the big three to start: the flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and COVID-19. "These are the three that cause the most utilization of the health care system and the most severe disease," says Dr. 

, acting director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. 

Last year, 40% of U.S. households were hit with at least one of these viruses, according to a 

, a nonprofit health policy research group.

, an epidemiologist and assistant professor at Emory University. There are 

 — in a different family from flu-causing influenzas — which can cause croup and pneumonia in children. And there's 

, which caused a national respiratory illness outbreak in 2014.

, a relatively new virus first identified in 2001. It's in the same family as RSV and has similar symptoms. 

Wastewater data reveals a fuller viral picture 

 showed that human metapneumovirus circulated a lot last winter. In California, where the samples were collected, it could have been a fourth virus added to the tripledemic mix. 

, a program that provides a granular, real-time look at circulating pathogens, based on testing wastewater samples from around the United States.

A lot of these viruses have the same cold- and flu-like symptoms: coughing, sneezing, aches, fevers, chills. These infections may not lead to doctor's visits, but they cause sickness and misery. 

, collected from community-level sewage plants, means researchers are starting to see the full picture of what's circulating. 

That means data comes in "even from people who are just mildly sick and sipping tea at home," Wolfe says. The wastewater information helps show how these different viruses intersect, Wolfe says. 

Knowing what's circulating locally could help health care workers and hospital systems plan for surges. "If you have multiple of these viruses [surging] at the same time, that could be worse for individuals and worse for the systems that are trying to take care of them," she says.

It's still early in the season. So far, national data shows there are 

 going around and low levels of other respiratory viruses in 

That means it's a good time to get protected, says Daskalakis, of the CDC. "We can attenuate the level of disease, make it less severe through vaccination," he says, describing the effect of the vaccines as 

, "turning a lion into a little pussycat." 

 are available for those age 6 months and up. For RSV, there are vaccines for older people and pregnant people, and preventive shots for newborns.

There may not be medical interventions for the other winter viruses, but "we have really 

" to help prevent them, Daskalakis says, including good ventilation, washing your hands, covering your sneezes and coughs and staying home when sick to reduce the chances of passing on illnesses.

The CDC expects hospitalizations during the 2023-2024 viral season to be 

 — better than the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, but worse than the years before it. Still, hospitals could be in trouble if these viruses all peak at once. The CDC says vaccines — as well as collective common sense — can help keep those levels down.  

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Pien Huang

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National data shows COVID-19 levels are moderate. In most of the U.S., levels of other respiratory viruses are low, although RSV is ticking up in some southeastern states.

A seasonal viral stew is brewing with flu, RSV, COVID and more

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