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Immigration arrests dropped nationwide in July, slowing the pace of President Donald Trump's promised "mass deportation" just weeks after a sharp increase in June. According to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, its total "initial book-ins" went from 31,597 in June to 27,483 in July, a 13% drop.

ICE did not respond to NPR requests for comment, but in the past agency officials have said they need more officers and detention spaces to meet administration goals. 

With billions of dollars of new money from Congress

, ICE has launched a drive to recruit more officers and build more detention facilities.

But in the near-term, protesters and activists believe they may be able to slow the pace of arrests and deportations. Oregon is a case in point.

In Portland, demonstrators have gathered almost nightly outside ICE's field office, yelling curses through megaphones and occasionally crossing onto federal property. Federal officers have responded by shooting pepper balls and other crowd-control weapons. The building's lower windows are boarded up, covered with spray-painted curses aimed at the people working inside.

Chandler Patey, one of the few protesters who's not masked, said the group's presence keeps public attention on deportations. "We need to be here and we need to create some amount of noise and a presence here," he says. "And when ICE is here, they're not out kidnapping people, right?"

The protests have been going for more than two months, and sometimes just a few dozen people come out. They're far smaller than the protests outside of Portland's federal buildings in 2020.

 of its Portland office under siege, and this summer White House "border czar" Tom Homan has twice 

The late-night protests have also angered some nearby residents, and one 

 to get police to enforce its noise ordinance.

Despite the protests and the plywood, the ICE facility is still functioning. During the day, people with immigration cases are let in for "check-ins," and some are detained. Government cars still come and go — though they often require an escort down the driveway by armed officers.

"Rapid-response" system may also play a role

The greater impediment to large-scale arrests may be the "rapid response" system run by the Portland Immigration Rights Coalition and other non-profits. They run a state-wide hotline that collects ICE sightings and quickly connects arrestees with legal help.

, one of the groups involved. She says one strategy, when they get word of an arrest, is to file a habeas corpus petition asking a court to review the legality of the detention, before ICE can transport someone to the nearest overnight detention center, across the state line in Tacoma, Wash.

"If we are able to file a habeas petition in Oregon, we have gotten orders from the judge that the individual cannot be removed out of the state," Peña says. "Because ICE does not have any detention facilities [in Oregon], they are often let go."

The fact that ICE doesn't have an overnight detention center in Oregon makes it harder to rack up arrest totals here —which lag behind neighboring states. According to data collected by the 

, the state saw only 103 arrests in June, and 67 from July 1-29.

"Sanctuary" states continue to get federal criticism

Another factor complicating ICE's efforts is Oregon's 

, which limits the ability of local police and jails to hand over potential immigration law violators unless the federal agents have a warrant.

The state also funds legal services for non-citizens facing immigration charges.

Earlier this week Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem was on Fox News, criticizing "sanctuary" jurisdictions that offer this kind of aid to people accused of immigration violations.

"These individuals that are in our country undocumented, they're breaking our laws," Noem said. "What I find so astounding by so many of these leaders in these sanctuary cities and in these sanctuary states is that they're willingly encouraging and protecting people who break our laws."

In response to this kind of criticism, Isa Peña says she doesn't think the hotline system and legal aid is making it harder for ICE to do its job.

"We are asking them to do their job correctly, which means that they have to abide by the Constitution," Peña says.

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Martin Kaste

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Immigration arrests falter in July after a big push for mass deportations in June. Activists in sanctuary jurisdictions hope their resistance plays a role.

Immigration arrests dip in July, and activists hope they're partly responsible

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