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Mooncakes: The ancient dessert celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival

A plate of mooncakes.
The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrates the harvest moon, the brightest and fullest moon of the year. Mooncakes are enjoyed and given as gifts to loved ones during this time.
Ngoc Bui | MPR News

The moon reaches its brightest and fullest state on Monday. For many East and Southeast Asian people, that means the arrival of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

It's a time when red lanterns fill the streets and dinner tables are adorned with beautiful mooncakes to celebrate the harvest moon.

Kwan, whose family started Minneapolis bakery Keefer Court decades ago, said her family used to make thousands of these cakes during this time of year. They were one of the few bakeries still making them by hand despite how laborious it can be, which is why many had offloaded the work to machines.

Kwan said the bakery would be filled with sounds of mooncakes being pounded out of wooden mallets.

“That's what I would hear all throughout the day is my mom in the kitchen, pounding out big mooncakes at all hours of the day.”

A tray of mooncakes sits in a kitchen.
Mooncakes are traditionally filled with a lotus seed or red bean and an egg yolk in the center. The crust is made out of dough and cane sugar syrup. A wooden mallet is used to give the mooncakes their shape and distinct design.
Ngoc Bui | MPR News

But since closing the business two years ago, Kwan hasn’t made mooncakes or baked much. This year, though, Kwan said she's excited to make a small batch of mooncakes and to revive the tradition.

“It's been fun, now that my parents are retired and we've sold the business, to still be able to carry on some of the traditions that I had growing up in there.”

This tradition of making mooncakes has its roots in China and is entwined with the legend of the moon goddess, Chang'e.

The story goes that her husband, Hou Yi, had saved the world from being scorched to oblivion by shooting down nine suns with his bow and arrow. In return, he received an elixir of immortality. But one day, confronted by a thief trying to take the elixir, Chang'e drank it all.

She then floated to the moon and became the moon goddess. Forced into an eternity separated from her, Hou Yi was heartbroken so he laid out a table of offerings with fruits and mooncakes to express his love.

Today, people continue to do the same during the Mid-Autumn Festival. And even after all these years, the process of making mooncakes has largely remained the same.

A hand holds a mooncake after being prepared in a kitchen.
Mooncakes come with many different designs on them. This one is imprinted with the Keefer Court logo.
Ngoc Bui | MPR News

Though, over the years, people have invented many new kinds of mooncake — trying out new fillings or different crusts.

There's even a Dubai chocolate flavor available this year.

No matter what kind it is, the purpose of a mooncake — as legend goes — is to be shared during the Mid-Autumn Festival as an offering to loved ones.