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Whether you're new to economics or just want to deepen your understanding, this course covers the basics and connects them to today’s pressing issues—from inequality to public policy decisions.

Each week, you'll receive a reading guide that distills core principles, offers actionable takeaways, and explains how they affect the current world. While the full ebook enriches the experience, the guides alone provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental economic ideas.

You’ll find this course especially useful and unique because…"),el=vwo_$("[vwo-element-id='1742482566780']");})("[vwo-element-id='1742482566780']")}}, R_940895_48_1_2_2:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) { if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){ return; }; var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("Revert","content","[vwo-element-id='1742482566780']"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("[vwo-element-id='1742482566780']")).revertContentOp(),el=vwo_$("[vwo-element-id='1742482566780']");})("[vwo-element-id='1742482566780']")}}, C_940895_48_1_2_3:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("content",".stylingblock-content-margin-cell > table:nth-of-type(1) > tbody:nth-of-type(1) > tr:nth-of-type(1) > td:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$(".stylingblock-content-margin-cell > table:nth-of-type(1) > tbody:nth-of-type(1) > tr:nth-of-type(1) > td:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1) > div:nth-of-type(1)")).replaceWith2("
You'll gain real-world insights into how economics impacts your daily life with this easy-to-follow online course. This crash course is based on the acclaimed textbook Economy, Society, and Public Policy by CORE Econ, tailored to help you grasp key concepts without feeling overwhelmed.

Whether you're new to economics or just want to deepen your understanding, this course covers the basics and connects them to today’s pressing issues—from inequality to public policy decisions.

Each week, you'll receive a reading guide that distills core principles, offers actionable takeaways, and explains how they affect the current world. While the full ebook enriches the experience, the guides alone provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental economic ideas.

You’ll find this course especially useful and unique because… Are you ready to build a foundation in economics that empowers you to think critically about the world around you?

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"Monthly" : "One-Time"; } set freqency (newAmount) { if (Number.isNaN(parseInt(newAmount)) || parseInt(newAmount) <= 0) throw new Error("New amount must be a valid number greater than 0."); newAmount = parseInt(newAmount); this.text = '$' + newAmount; this.value = newAmount; } } class FrequencyArray extends Array { constructor (items) { if (!Array.isArray(items) && items.length === 0) { throw new Error("FrequencyArray: Arugment 1 is not an instance of Array with a length greater than 0:" + items.join(', ')); } /*if (items.every((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton || item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount)) { if (items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount)) { let temp = items.find((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayOtherAmount); items = items.filter((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton); items.push(temp); } } else*/ if (items.every((item) => item instanceof HTMLElement)) { items = items.map((item) => item.matches(".webform-component-textfield") ? new GiftArrayOtherAmount(item) : new GiftArrayButton(item)); } else { throw new Error("FrequencyArray: Arugment 1 is not of type HTMLElement or HTMLElement[]:" + items.join(', ')); } super(...items); this.Buttons = items.filter((item) => item instanceof GiftArrayButton); } get frequency () { const activeButton = this.Buttons.find((item) => item.checked); if (activeButton.value === "recurs") return "monthly"; if (activeButton.value === "NO_RECURR") return "one-time"; return activeButton.value; } set frequency (newFrequency) { const reNewFrequencyValue = new RegExp(newFrequency, 'gmi'); const matchingButton = this.find((item) => item.value.match(reNewFrequencyValue) || item.text.match(reNewFrequencyValue)); matchingButton.click(); } get recurring () { return this.frequency === "monthly" ? true : false; } set recurring (bool) { this.frequency = bool === true ? "monthly" : "one-time"; } addEventListeners (eventType, callbackFunction, filter = undefined) { if (filter && typeof filter === 'function') { const filteredItems = this.filter((item) => filter.call(this, item)); filteredItems.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction)); } else if (filter && typeof filter === 'string') { if (filter.match(/buttons/gmi)) this.Buttons.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction)); if (filter.match(/other/gmi)) this.OtherAmountInput.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction); } else { this.forEach((item) => item.addEventListener(eventType, callbackFunction)); } } } // const lockedProperty = { writable: false, configurable: false, enumerable: true }; function DonationFormAPI (elements, options = {}) { const defaultOptions = { min: 1.00, max: 999999.99, makeTabbed: false, fakeSubmit: true, overrideGiftArrayValues: false, }; options = { ...defaultOptions, ...options }; // const { frequencyRadios, submitButton, root } = elements; const [ amountRadiosOnetime, amountRadiosMonthly ] = elements.amountRadios; const oneTimeOtherAmountWrapper = amountRadiosOnetime.find((div) => !div.matches('.webform-component-textfield') || div.querySelector('input[type="text"]')); const oneTimeRadioButtons = amountRadiosOnetime.filter((div) => div !== oneTimeOtherAmountWrapper); const monthlyOtherAmountWrapper = amountRadiosMonthly.find((div) => !div.matches('.webform-component-textfield') || div.querySelector('input[type="text"]')); const monthlyRadioButtons = amountRadiosMonthly.filter((div) => div !== monthlyOtherAmountWrapper); const debug = { log: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args), info: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args), warn: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args), error: (...args) => window.NA.DonationForm.DEBUG_MODE && console.log(...args), }; // const api = new Object(); Object.defineProperty(api, 'root', { value: root, writable: false, configurable: true, enumerable: true, }); Object.defineProperties(api, { 'FORM_MINIMUM': { value: options.min || 0, ...lockedProperty }, 'FORM_MAXIMUM': { value: options.max || Infinity, ...lockedProperty }, }); Object.defineProperties(api, { GiftArrays: { value: { "one-time": new GiftArray([ ...oneTimeRadioButtons, oneTimeOtherAmountWrapper ]), "monthly": new GiftArray([ ...monthlyRadioButtons, monthlyOtherAmountWrapper ]), }, writable: false, configurable: true, enumerable: true, }, Frequencies: { value: new FrequencyArray(frequencyRadios), writable: false, configurable: true, enumerable: true, }, SubmitButton: { value: submitButton, writable: false, configurable: false, enumerable: true, } }); Object.defineProperties(api, { 'getFrequency': { value: async function () { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { try { resolve(this.Frequencies.frequency); } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); }, ...lockedProperty }, 'setFrequency': { value: async function (frequency) { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => { try { this.Frequencies.frequency = frequency; if (await this.getFrequency() === frequency) resolve(frequency); } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); }, ...lockedProperty }, 'getAmount': { value: async function (frequency = undefined) { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => { try { frequency = frequency || await this.getFrequency(); if (frequency && this.GiftArrays.hasOwnProperty(frequency)) { const activeGiftArray = this.GiftArrays[frequency]; resolve(activeGiftArray.amount); } else { throw new Error("getAmount: Invalid frequency: " + frequency); } } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); }, ...lockedProperty }, 'setAmount': { value: async function (amount, frequency = undefined) { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => { try { const currentFrequency = await this.getFrequency(); if (!frequency) { frequency = currentFrequency; } else if (frequency !== currentFrequency) { frequency = await this.setFrequency(frequency); } if (frequency && this.GiftArrays.hasOwnProperty(frequency)) { const activeGiftArray = this.GiftArrays[frequency]; activeGiftArray.amount = amount; } else { throw new Error("setAmount: Invalid frequency: " + frequency); } if (await this.getAmount() === amount) resolve(amount); } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); }, ...lockedProperty }, 'getRecurring': { value: async function () { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { try { resolve(this.Frequencies.recurring); } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); }, ...lockedProperty }, 'setRecurring': { value: async function (bool) { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => { try { this.Frequencies.frequency = bool ? true : false; if (await this.getRecurring() === bool) resolve(bool); } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); }, ...lockedProperty }, freqency: { get () { return this.getFrequency() }, set (value) { this.setFrequency(value) }, enumerable: true, configurable: true, }, amount: { get () { return this.getAmount() }, set (value) { this.setAmount(value) }, enumerable: true, configurable: true, }, recurring: { get () { return this.getRecurring() }, set (value) { this.setRecurring(value) }, enumerable: true, configurable: true, }, }); Object.defineProperties(api, { 'submit': { value: async function (condition = this.validate||function(){return true}) { //this.hooks['onBeforeSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); let result; const isAsyncFunction = (func) => func.constructor.name === "AsyncFunction"; if (Array.isArray(condition)) { if (condition.every((c) => typeof c === 'function' && isAsyncFunction(c))) { result = await Promise.all(condition.map(async (c) => await c.call(this))); } else if (condition.every((c) => typeof c === 'function')) { result = condition.every((c) => c.call(this)); } else if (condition.every((c) => c === true || c === false)) { result = condition.every((c) => c); } } else if (typeof condition === 'function' && isAsyncFunction(condition)) { result = await condition.call(this); } else if (typeof condition === 'function') { result = condition.call(this); } else if (condition === true || condition === false) { result = condition; } else { console.error("Unknown error."); debugger; } // if (result === true) { if (window.NA.DonationForm.hasOwnProperty("DEBUG_MODE") && window.NA.DonationForm["DEBUG_MODE"] == true) return console.log("Submit aborted (debug mode is enabled)."); this.SubmitButton.click(), this.hooks['onSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); //this.hooks['onAfterSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); } else { return console.log("Submit failed (conditions did not evaluate to true)."); } }, ...lockedProperty }, 'interceptSubmit': { value: function (handleInterceptedSubmit = () => { return new Promise((resolve) => resolve(undefined)) }) { try { window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy = window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy || createNewSubmitButton(window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton, { cloneOriginal: false, hideOriginal: true, observeOriginal: false }); window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.addEventListener('click', async (event) => { event.preventDefault(), event.stopPropagation(); const shouldFormSubmit = await handleInterceptedSubmit.call(this, event); if (shouldFormSubmit) { console.info("Submit allowed by initial interceptSubmit callback function resulting in a truthy evaluation."); const formIsValid = await window.NA.DonationForm.validate(); if (!formIsValid) { // if submit allowed but there are known errors in the form console.warn("Form has known errors. Attempting to submit to show errors then retrying."); console.log("Submitting..."); window.NA.DonationForm.submit(true); // submit anyway to trigger the error to be shown window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton.style.setProperty("display", "none"), debug.info("SubmitButton hidden."), // hide the original submit button again window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.style.setProperty("display", "none"), debug.info("SubmitButtonCopy hidden."); // hide the copy of the submit button again window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.style.removeProperty("display"), debug.info("SubmitButtonCopy unhidden."); // show the copy of the submit button } else { console.log("Submitting..."); window.NA.DonationForm.submit(true); } } else { console.log("Submit prevented."); console.info("Next submit will be allowed."); window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton.style.removeProperty("display"), debug.info("SubmitButton unhidden."); // show the original submit button so that if something goes wrong the user can still click the submit button window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy.style.setProperty("display", "none"), debug.info("SubmitButtonCopy hidden."); // hide the copy of the submit button that intercepts submit attempts so that there aren't two buttons } }); console.log("Submit intercept added.\nButton:", window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy); } catch (error) { console.error("Failed to add submit intercept:", error); } }, ...lockedProperty }, 'validate': { value: async function (root = undefined) { if (!this || this === null) throw new Error("validate: Unable to read API context."); root = root || this.root; const flattenArray = (array) => array.reduce((flat, toFlatten) => flat.concat(Array.isArray(toFlatten) ? flattenArray(toFlatten) : toFlatten), []); try { const freqency = await this.getFrequency(), amount = await this.getAmount(); if (!freqency || !amount) return false; if (amount < this.FORM_MINIMUM || amount > this.FORM_MAXIMUM) return console.error("validate:", "Gift amount is invalid:", amount), false; let requiredFields = Array.from(root.querySelectorAll('label:has(.form-required)')) .map((label) => document.getElementById(label.htmlFor) || (label.nextElementSibling || label.previousElementSibling)) .filter((_) => !!_) // remove blanks .filter((field) => { if (field.name && field.name.includes('[payment_information]')) return false; return true; }) .map((field) => { if (field.matches("div")) return [...field.querySelectorAll('input')]; return field; }) requiredFields = flattenArray(requiredFields); const valid = requiredFields.every((input) => { const type = input.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'select' ? 'select' : input.type; const { name, value, id } = input; //console.log(type, name, value); if (name === 'submitted[payment_information][payment_fields][credit][card_number]') { if (value && value.length === 16) return true; return console.error("validate:", name+':', "CC is invalid."), false; } if (name === 'submitted[leadership_circle]') return true; if (name === 'submitted[donation][other_amount]' || name === 'submitted[donation][recurring_other_amount]') if (amount) return true; switch (type) { case 'email': const emailRegex = /^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$/; if (!emailRegex.test(value)) return console.error("validate:", name+':', "Email address is invalid.\n", input, value), false; return true; case 'tel': if (!value || value.length < 10) return console.error("validate:", name+':', "Phone number is invalid.\n", input, value), false; return true; case 'select': case 'radio': case 'text': if (!value || value.length === 0) return console.error("validate:", name+':', "Field is invalid.\n", input, value), false; return true; default: debug.log("default"); return true; } /*if (!value || value.length === 0) return false;*/ }); return valid; } catch (error) { console.error(error); return false; } }, ...lockedProperty }, //'makeTabbed': { value: function(){} }, 'DonationInterrupter': { value: { init: initDonationInterrupter.bind(api) }, enumerable: true, configurable: true, writable: true, } }); initHooks(api, ['onFrequencyChange', 'onAmountChange', 'onTrySubmit', 'onSubmit']); api.Frequencies.addEventListeners('change', (event) => { if (event.target.checked) { api.hooks['onFrequencyChange'].forEach((callback) => { callback.call(api, event.target.value); }); } }); Object.entries(api.GiftArrays).forEach(([ key, GiftArray ]) => { GiftArray.addEventListeners('change', (event) => { if (event.target.checked) { api.hooks['onAmountChange'].forEach((callback) => { callback.call(api, event.target.value); }); } }); }); api.SubmitButton.addEventListener('click', (event) => { api.hooks['onTrySubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(api, event)); }); api.root.addEventListener('submit', (event) => { api.hooks['onSubmit'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(api, event)); }); if (options.makeTabbed) api.makeTabbed(); /*if (options.fakeSubmit) window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy = window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButtonCopy || createNewSubmitButton(window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton, { cloneOriginal: false, hideOriginal: true, observeOriginal: false });*/ return api; } function createNewSubmitButton (originalSubmitButton = window.NA.DonationForm.SubmitButton, options = {}) { const defaultOptions = { cloneOriginal: true, hideOriginal: true, observeOriginal: true, }; options = { ...defaultOptions, ...options }; const newSubmitButton = document.createElement('button'); //newSubmitButton.id = "submit-button-copy"; newSubmitButton.classList.add("btn"); newSubmitButton.textContent = originalSubmitButton.value; originalSubmitButton.after(newSubmitButton); options.hideOriginal && originalSubmitButton.style.setProperty("display", "none"); return newSubmitButton; } function initHooks (api, hookNames = []) { const hooks = Object.fromEntries(hookNames.map((hookName) => ([hookName, new Array()]))); Object.defineProperty(api, 'hooks', { value: hooks, ...lockedProperty }); } function initDonationInterrupter (options = {}) { const getExpId = () => { let experiments = window._vwo_exp; experiments = Object.entries(window._vwo_exp); let id = experiments.find(([id, data]) => { const name = data.name; return name.match(/Donation Interrupter/); })[1]?.id; return id; }; const getExpVariation = (id) => { let experiment = window._vwo_exp[id]; return experiment.combination_chosen || experiment.combination_selected; }; const defaultOptions = { id: [ 'VWO', getExpId(), getExpVariation(getExpId()) ].join('-'), tokenName: ("NA__MPR_DonationInterrupter:" + [ 'VWO', getExpId(), getExpVariation(getExpId()) ].join('-')), min: 10, max: 100, askAmount: (originalAmount) => { if (originalAmount > 500) // $500+ return false; // don't show if (originalAmount >= 400) // $400-$500 return 50; if (originalAmount >= 300) // $300-$399 return 40; if (originalAmount >= 200) // $200-$299 return 30; if (originalAmount >= 100) // $100-$199 return 15; if (originalAmount < 100) // $100- return 10; return false; }, askFrequency: (originalFrequency) => { return "monthly"; }, popupHTML: { headingHTML: (`

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

`), bodyHTML: (`

Consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed nec egestas turpis, hendrerit semper nisl. Pellentesque auctor ipsum at pharetra eleifend. Pellentesque a rhoncus turpis, ut tempus nibh. Donec vel dui hendrerit nisi imperdiet tincidunt. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.

Duis efficitur dolor ut nisl blandit imperdiet. Nullam pretium est nunc, tincidunt viverra ligula dapibus. Duis malesuada:

Sed placerat fringilla consequat. Nullam eu pellentesque sem?

`), }, }; options = { ...defaultOptions, ...options }; console.log("Initializing donation interrupter."); return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { try { const dialogElement = document.createElement('dialog'); dialogElement.id = options.id; dialogElement.classList.add("popup", "donation-interrupter", "NA"); dialogElement.innerHTML = `
${options.popupHTML.headingHTML} ${options.popupHTML.bodyHTML}
`; document.body.appendChild(dialogElement); // // const api = new Object({ askAmount: options.askAmount, askFrequency: options.askFrequency, }); Object.defineProperties(api, { id: { value: options.id, writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: false, }, tokenName: { value: options.tokenName, writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: false, }, Dialog: { value: dialogElement, writable: false, enumerable: true, configurable: true, }, show: { value: function () { this.update(), this.Dialog.showModal(), vwoCustomEvent(`${this.id}:shown`); this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastShown", getCurrentDate()); this.hooks['onShow'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); }, ...lockedProperty }, hide: { value: function () { this.Dialog.close(), this.hooks['onHide'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); }, ...lockedProperty }, update: { value: function () { this.Dialog.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('update'), { bubbles: false }); }, ...lockedProperty } }); Object.defineProperty(api, 'storedState', { value: { storageApi: localStorage, getToken: (function () { const tokenName = this.tokenName, storageApi = this.storedState.storageApi; return JSON.parse(storageApi.getItem(tokenName)) || null; }).bind(api), setToken: (function (tokenValue) { const tokenName = this.tokenName, storageApi = this.storedState.storageApi; return storageApi.setItem(tokenName, JSON.stringify(tokenValue)); }).bind(api), updateTokenProperty: (function (tokenPropertyName, tokenPropertyValue) { let state = this.storedState.getToken() || {}; state[tokenPropertyName] = tokenPropertyValue; this.storedState.setToken(state); return (this.storedState.getToken() || {})[tokenPropertyName] || undefined; }).bind(api), } }); initHooks(api, ['onShow', 'onHide', 'onUpdate', 'onYes', 'onNo']); function handleDialogUpdate (event) { // update dynamic text in the dialog Array.from(this.Dialog.querySelectorAll('[data-value]')).forEach(async (el) => { const attributeValue = el.getAttribute('data-value'); const currentAmount = await window.NA.DonationForm.getAmount(), currentFrequency = await window.NA.DonationForm.getFrequency(); if (attributeValue.match("askAmount")) { el.textContent = this.askAmount(currentAmount); } else if (attributeValue.match("askFrequency")) { el.textContent = this.askFrequency(currentFrequency); } else if (attributeValue.match("originalAmount") || attributeValue.match("amount")) { el.textContent = currentAmount; } else if (attributeValue.match("originalFrequency") || attributeValue.match("frequency")) { el.textContent = currentFrequency; } }); this.hooks['onUpdate'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); } api.Dialog.addEventListener('update', handleDialogUpdate.bind(api)); // const handleYes = (async function () { vwoCustomEvent(`${this.id}:DonationInterrupter:yes`); const currentAmount = await window.NA.DonationForm.getAmount(), currentFrequency = await window.NA.DonationForm.getFrequency(); const catchAsyncError = (error) => { console.error("An error occured:", error); debugger; this.hide(); }; window.NA.DonationForm.setFrequency(this.askFrequency(currentFrequency)).then((frequency) => { console.log("Updated frequency:", frequency); window.NA.DonationForm.setAmount(this.askAmount(currentAmount)).then((amount) => { console.log("Updated amount:", amount); setTimeout(() => { console.log("Submitting..."); try { window.NA.DonationForm.submit(); } catch (error) { console.error("Error when submitting."); } finally { this.hide(); } }, 100); }).catch(catchAsyncError); }).catch(catchAsyncError); this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastConverted", getCurrentDate()); }).bind(api); const handleNo = (function () { vwoCustomEvent(`${this.id}:DonationInterrupter:no`); setTimeout(() => { console.log("Submitting..."); try { window.NA.DonationForm.submit(); } catch (error) { console.error("Error when submitting."); } finally { this.hide(); } }, 100); this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastDismissed", getCurrentDate()); }).bind(api); const handleCancel = (function () { this.hide(); this.storedState.updateTokenProperty("lastDismissed", getCurrentDate()); }).bind(api); async function handleDialogButtonClick (event) { event.preventDefault(); if (event.target.hasAttribute('data-action')) { if (event.target.getAttribute('data-action').match("yes")) { await handleYes.call(this); this.hooks['onYes'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); } if (event.target.getAttribute('data-action').match("no")) { await handleNo.call(this); this.hooks['onNo'].forEach((callback) => callback.call(this)); } } } Array.from(api.Dialog.querySelectorAll('.popup__footer button')).forEach((button) => button.addEventListener('click', handleDialogButtonClick.bind(api))); if (api.Dialog.querySelector('.btn-dismiss')) api.Dialog.querySelector('.btn-dismiss').onclick = handleCancel; window.NA.DonationForm.DonationInterrupter = api; async function shouldDonationInterrupterShow () { return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => { const shouldSubmit = true, shouldNotSubmit = false; const shouldShow = () => { this.show(), resolve(shouldNotSubmit) }, shouldNotShow = () => resolve(shouldSubmit); try { const formIsValid = await window.NA.DonationForm.validate(); if (!formIsValid) return console.log("One or more donation form fields are invalid; donation interrupter will not be shown."), shouldNotShow(); const currentFrequency = await window.NA.DonationForm.getFrequency(), currentAmount = await window.NA.DonationForm.getAmount(), askFrequency = this.askFrequency(currentFrequency), askAmount = this.askAmount(currentAmount); if (!currentFrequency || askFrequency == currentFrequency) return console.log("Ask frequency returned false or invalid; donation interrupter will not be shown."), shouldNotShow(); if (askAmount == false || askAmount <= 0) return console.log("Ask amount returned false or invalid; donation interrupter will not be shown."), shouldNotShow(); } catch (error) { return console.error(error), shouldNotShow(); } try { /// Summary: shows when not seen before at all, or if seen and dismissed on a day that is not the current day (e.g. yesterday) const storedState = this.storedState.getToken(); if (!storedState || !storedState.hasOwnProperty("lastShown")) { // has not been seen before; first time return console.log("Donation interrupter not seen yet; donation interrupter will be shown."), shouldShow(); } else { // returning visitors if (storedState.hasOwnProperty("lastConverted")) { // the user has converted from the popup before return console.log("Already converted; donation interrupter will not be shown."), shouldNotShow(); } else if (storedState.hasOwnProperty("lastDismissed") && storedState['lastDismissed'] !== getCurrentDate()) { // if the popup has been dismissed before but the last time it was dismissed is NOT today return console.log("Donation interrupter dismissed, but not today; donation interrupter will be shown."), shouldShow(); } else { return console.log("Donation interrupter already seen and/or dismissed today; donation interrupter will not be shown."), shouldNotShow(); } } } catch (error) { return console.error(error), shouldNotShow(); } }); } window.NA.DonationForm.interceptSubmit(shouldDonationInterrupterShow.bind(api)); resolve(api); } catch (error) { console.error(error); } }); } window.NA = window.NA || {}; window.NA.DonationForm = window.NA.DonationForm || {}; window.NA.DonationForm.init = async function init () { console.log("Initializing donation form API. Waiting for required elements...."); return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const asyncWaitForElement=async function(e,r=100,t=1e4){r=Number.isInteger(r)&&r>0&&r<=100?r:parseInt(r);let n="Array";if("NaN"==r)return console.error("Invalid refresh interval:",r);Array.isArray(e)||"string"!=typeof e||(n="string",e=[e]);let l=e=>document.querySelector(e),i=e=>e.every(e=>!!l(e));return new Promise((R,a)=>{let m=(e,r=null)=>(r&&clearInterval(r),R("Array"==n||e.length>1?e.map(e=>l(e)):l(e[0]))),o=n=>{console.error(`${n.name}: ${n.message}`);let l=()=>asyncWaitForElement(e,r=100,t=1e4);return a(n,l)};try{if(i(e))return m(e);let s=setInterval(()=>{if(i(e))return m(e,s)},1e3/r);setTimeout(()=>{try{if(!i(e)){clearInterval(s);let r=Error(`Failed to find matching elements within ${t}ms`);throw r.name="Timed Out",r}}catch(n){return o(n)}},t)}catch(u){return o(u)}})}; asyncWaitForElement([ 'form.webform-client-form', '#webform-component-donation--recurs-monthly', '#webform-component-donation--amount', '#webform-component-donation--recurring-amount', '.form-actions input[type="submit"]' ]).then(([ componentDonationForm, componentFrequency, componentAmountOnetime, componentAmountMonthly, formSubmitButton ]) => { const api = DonationFormAPI({ root: componentDonationForm, frequencyRadios: [...componentFrequency.querySelectorAll('.form-type-radio')], amountRadios: [ [...componentAmountOnetime.querySelectorAll('div > .form-type-radio, div > .webform-component-textfield')], [...componentAmountMonthly.querySelectorAll('div > .form-type-radio, div > .webform-component-textfield')], ], submitButton: formSubmitButton, // }); window.NA.DonationForm = { ...window.NA.DonationForm, ...api }; resolve(window.NA.DonationForm); }).catch((error) => reject(error)); }); }; }catch(e) {console.error(e)} return vwo_$('head')[0] && vwo_$('head')[0].lastChild;})("head")}}, R_940895_62_1_3_3:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) { if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){ return; }; var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("Revert","remove","STRONG:tm('Before you go, would you consider something?')"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("STRONG:tm('Before you go, would you consider something?')")).vwoRevertCss();})("STRONG:tm('Before you go, would you consider something?')")}}, C_940895_39_1_2_1:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) { try{ var _vwo_sel = vwo_$("`); !vwo_$("head").find('#1740425171462').length && vwo_$('head').append(_vwo_sel);}catch(e) {console.error(e)} try{}catch(e) {console.error(e)} try{const DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS = { headingSectionHTML: (`

Before you go, would you consider becoming a sustainer to MPR News?

`), bodySectionHTML: (`

Your monthly gift supports trusted journalism, music discovery, and community conversation for all – no matter where you live or how you listen. From the broadcast to the podcast, on-air and online, gifts from individuals power everything you find at Minnesota Public Radio.

Would you consider becoming a sustainer by converting your one-time gift to a monthly gift today?

`), min: 100, // do not show if original gift is below this amount max: 500, // do not show if original gift is above this amount askAmount: (originalAmount) => { // the input is the original amount // the output is the ask amount, or false if the input does not map to an ask amount if (originalAmount > 500.00) // $500+ return false; // don't show if (originalAmount >= 400.00) // $400-$500 return 50.00; if (originalAmount >= 300.00) // $300-$399 return 40.00; if (originalAmount >= 200.00) // $200-$299 return 30.00; if (originalAmount >= 100.00) // $100-$199 return 15.00; if (originalAmount < 100.00) // $100- return 10.00; return false; }, }; // // // // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * // // // window.NA.DonationForm.init({ makeTabbed: false }).then(async (donationFormApi) => { //console.log("DonationForm:", donationFormApi); console.log("Donation Form: %c READY %c", 'background-color: MediumSeaGreen; color: white; font-weight: bold;', 'background-color: unset; color: unset; font-weight: unset;'); console.log(donationFormApi); const interrupter = await donationFormApi.DonationInterrupter.init({ min: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.min, max: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.max, askAmount: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.askAmount, popupHTML: { headingHTML: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.headingSectionHTML, bodyHTML: DONATION_INTERRUPTER_OPTIONS.bodySectionHTML, }, }); //console.log("DonationInterrupter", interrupter); console.log("Donation Interrupter: %c READY %c", 'background-color: MediumSeaGreen; color: white; font-weight: bold;', 'background-color: unset; color: unset; font-weight: unset;'); console.log(interrupter); //interrupter.show(); // debug: always show popup immediately when page loads }).catch((error) => { console.log("Donation Interrupter: %c FAILED %c An error occured when initializing the API:", 'background-color: Tomato; color: white; font-weight: bold;', 'background-color: unset; color: Tomato; font-weight: unset;'), console.error(error) }); }catch(e) {console.error(e)} return vwo_$('head')[0] && vwo_$('head')[0].lastChild;})("head")}}, R_940895_48_1_2_4:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) { if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){ return; }; })(".author,.img-wrapper,.img-wrapper img,.author-copy")}}, C_940895_62_1_3_3:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("remove","STRONG:tm('Before you go, would you consider something?')"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("STRONG:tm('Before you go, would you consider something?')")).vwoCss({display:"none !important"});})("STRONG:tm('Before you go, would you consider something?')")}}, C_940895_63_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) {var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("paste",".actions"); vwo_debug*/!(el=vwo_$(".actions")).parent().find('[vwo-op-1742589780926=""]').length&&el.after('


By submitting, you consent to receive information about MPR\'s programs and offerings. You may opt-out at any time clicking the unsubscribe link at the bottom of any email communication. View our Privacy Policy.

'),(el=vwo_$("#tfa_31-HTML > p:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoCss({display:"none !important"});})(".hintsBelow")}}, R_940895_63_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) { if(!vwo_$.fn.vwoRevertHtml){ return; }; var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("Revert","remove","#tfa_31-HTML > p:nth-of-type(1)"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$("#tfa_31-HTML > p:nth-of-type(1)")).vwoRevertCss(),(el=vwo_$('[vwo-element-id="1742589780114"]')).remove();})(".hintsBelow")}}, R_940895_39_1_2_0:{ fn:function(log,nonce=''){return (function(x) { try{ var ctx=vwo_$(x),el; /*vwo_debug log("Revert","content",""); vwo_debug*/; el=vwo_$('[vwo-element-id="1740425171461"]'); el.revertContentOp().remove(); } catch(e) {console.error(e)} try{ var el,ctx=vwo_$(x); /*vwo_debug log("Revert","addElement","body"); vwo_debug*/(el=vwo_$('[vwo-element-id="1740425171462"]')).remove(); } catch(e) {console.error(e)} return vwo_$('head')[0] && 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paul huttner 2024 1

Paul Huttner

Meteorologist

Email Paul Huttner

Meet Paul Huttner

Paul Huttner is chief meteorologist for MPR News. He is also the host of Climate Cast, which focuses on the latest research on our changing climate and the consequences we’re seeing here in Minnesota and worldwide. 

Huttner began his career in operational forecasting at Chicago’s weather command in 1986. He delivered specialized forecasts to radio stations, energy companies and city operations. 

He started his TV meteorology career at WCCO-TV in Minneapolis in 1988, where he was the sole anchor for the famed Halloween blizzard of 1991. In 1994, WGN-TV in Chicago hired Huttner as the first meteorologist for the launch of WGN Morning News. Huttner also led a weather team of four as chief meteorologist for KGUN-TV, the ABC affiliate in Tucson, Arizona, from 1997-2005. 

In 2007, Huttner was tapped by MPR News as its first chief meteorologist. He launched daily weather chats on its 40+ station network. He also created the popular Updraft blog. Huttner focuses on the “whys” of weather and climate beyond the forecast. https://www.mprnews.org/podcasts/climate-cast 

Paul earned his bachelor’s degree in geography with an emphasis in meteorology from Macalester College in St. Paul. He is a member of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and has been awarded the AMS Television Seal of Approval. In March 2008, Paul earned AMS's Certified Broadcast Meteorologist designation. 

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